Working with our data
The data or information we initially
collect is often in a bulky format (spreadsheets of numerical data, transcripts
of interviews, or descriptions of artefacts) which need to be summarised,
interpreted and analysed before you can draw conclusions.
The best way is to summarise information to
identify patterns. Summarising will help us to compare information in a standardised format so that you (or
your reader) does not have to sort through a lot of information to make
comparisons. For example:
§ When interpreting interview data you can prepare
tables listing frequently-raised issues of interviewees under categories such
as age or gender.
§ Numerical data can usually be summarised
mathematically, as means (averages), medians, modes or frequencies.
Once information is
summarised, you will find it easier to identify patterns and interpret
meanings. Sometimes this can be a simple descriptive process if patterns or
meaning are obvious.
Quantitative information
Numerical
or quantitative information is obtained from research methods such as surveys
of populations or from repeated experimental procedures. When recording the
data it is important to include detailed information (eg dates and place of
collection, methods of measurement, units of measurement) to minimise
confusion. Numerical data are usually recorded on printed datasheets, then
stored in spreadsheet format.
In some
cases, data may initially be recorded by handheld computers or specialised data
recorders which can later be downloaded to more secure devices. Data recorders
can often be set up to record data remotely, without the requirement that
researchers be present. Such techniques are frequently used in meteorological
research or in situations where it would be too hazardous for a researcher to
be present (eg industrial chemistry applications, space research).
Qualitative information
Qualitative
(non-numerical) information may be recorded during interviews with human
participants, often on video or audiotape, possibly with supporting notes, and
may be transcribed into written form later. Other qualitative information
describing and interpreting texts or artefacts may also be recorded in written
form and stored on index cards or as Word files. This material may be coded for
themes using software programs (eg Nvivo) that search for keywords or strings,
or it may be done manually. The transcripts may also be treated as texts for
analysis.
Visual
information may be recorded as photographic plates, slides, computerised files
or hand-drawn diagrams.
http://www.endvawnow.org/en/articles/322-conducting-research-data-collection-and-analysis-.html
http://w3.unisa.edu.au/researchstudents/milestones/data.asp#working